In fact, there is evidence that contradicts the order of needs specified by the model. While Maslow's hierarchy makes sense from an intuitive standpoint, there is little evidence to support its hierarchical aspect. To motivate an employee, the manager must be able to recognize the needs level at which the employee is operating, and use those needs as levers of motivation. It is important to understand the needs being pursued by each employee. However, not all people are driven by the same needs - at any time different people may be motivated by entirely different factors. Self-Actualization: Provide employees a challenge and the opportunity to reach their full career potential. Offer job titles that convey the importance of the position. Social Needs: Create a sense of community via team-based projects and social events.Įsteem Needs: Recognize achievements to make employees feel appreciated and valued. Safety Needs: Provide a safe working environment, retirement benefits, and job security. Physiological needs: Provide lunch breaks, rest breaks, and wages that are sufficient to purchase the essentials of life. There are opportunities to motivate employees through management style, job design, company events, and compensation packages, some examples of which follow: If Maslow's theory holds, there are some important implications for management. According to Maslow, only a small percentage of the population reaches the level of self-actualization. Self-actualized persons have frequent occurrences of peak experiences, which are energized moments of profound happiness and harmony. Self-actualized people tend to have needs such as: Unlike lower level needs, this need is never fully satisfied as one grows psychologically there are always new opportunities to continue to grow. It is the quest of reaching one's full potential as a person. Self-actualization is the summit of Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Maslow later refined his model to include a level between esteem needs and self-actualization: the need for knowledge and aesthetics. External esteem needs are those such as social status and recognition. Internal esteem needs are those related to self-esteem such as self respect and achievement. Esteem needs may be classified as internal or external. Once a person feels a sense of "belonging", the need to feel important arises. Social needs are those related to interaction with other people and may include: Once a person has met the lower level physiological and safety needs, higher level needs become important, the first of which are social needs. Such needs might be fulfilled by:Īccording to Maslow's hierarchy, if a person feels that he or she is in harm's way, higher needs will not receive much attention. Once physiological needs are met, one's attention turns to safety and security in order to be free from the threat of physical and emotional harm. Higher needs such as social needs and esteem are not felt until one has met the needs basic to one's bodily functioning. Physiological needs are those required to sustain life, such as:Īccording to Maslow's theory, if such needs are not satisfied then one's motivation will arise from the quest to satisfy them.
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